Biometric authentication is a human identity verification security procedure that utilises biological input, such as fingerprints, palm or finger vein patterns, iris features, and voice or facial patterns, as well as the scanning or analysis of some portion of the body.
These latter three biometric authentication methods do not require physical touch with a biometric sensor, making them less intrusive to use. The first storage in a database or a secure portable element such as a smart card is the reference model.
To be authenticated, the stored data is compared to the person’s biometric data.
Authentication is validated when two samples of biometric data match. Biometric authentication is becoming the basis for a wide range of highly secure identity and personal verification systems.
Biometric authentication methods are used to defend a variety of systems, ranging from logical systems with hardware access points to physical systems with physical barriers, such as secure buildings and protected research locations. Biometric authentication-based solutions can ensure secure financial transactions and the protection of personal information.
Keystroke dynamics – a measure of a user’s typing style that analyses features like typing speed and the amount of time they “dwell” on a specific key – can also be used to verify a user.
Because it is extremely difficult to transfer biological material or traits from one user to another, biometric authentication is typically regarded as the most effective kind of authentication.
Types of biometric authentication
Fingerprint Recognition
Recognition of Fingerprints Biometric authentication entails photographing a person’s fingerprint and recording features such as arches, whorls, and loops, as well as the contours of edges, minutiae, and furrows. Fingerprint matching can be accomplished in three ways: minutiae, correlation, and ridge.
Retina scans
The image of the blood vessel pattern in the light-sensitive surface lining the individual’s inner eye is produced by Retina Scans Biometric authentications.
Face Recognition
Biometric Visual The study of a person’s facial features or patterns in order to verify or recognise their identification. Either eigenfaces or local feature analysis are used by most face recognition algorithms.
Iris Recognition
Iris recognition is a form of biometric verification technology that uses single patterns in the ring-shaped region surrounding the pupil of the eye to identify people. The iris is usually blue, brown, grey, or green in hue, with complex patterns visible under careful scrutiny.
Vein Recognition Biometric authentication
Vein identification is a sort of biometric authentication that uses the vein patterns in the human finger or palm to identify people.
Voice Recognition
By combining behavioural and physiological characteristics that can be collected by processing speech technology, voice recognition technology is utilised to create speech patterns. Nasal tone, basic frequency, inflection, and cadence are the most essential qualities used for speech authentication.
Hand/Palmprint patterns Biometric authentication
When you place your hand on a scanner, you get a unique fingerprint pattern as well as the size and form of your complete hand. It differs from a standard finger imprint in that it also carries additional information such as touch, indents, and symbols that can be used to compare one palm to another.
Handprints can be utilised for a variety of purposes, including criminal, forensic, and commercial. The primary challenge with a handprint is that it changes with time based on the type of work a person does for an extended period of time.
Signature Recognition Biometric authentication
The examination of handwriting style, particularly the signature, for biometric authentication of an individual. Static and Dynamic digital handwritten signature authentication are the two main forms.
A visual comparison of one scanned signature to another scanned signature, or a scanned signature versus an ink signature, is known as static. Two scanned signatures can be checked using complex algorithms using technology.
Why multi-modal Biometric authentication?
For several years, the use of multiple biometric authentications in combination, such as the face and iris or the iris and fingerprints, has allowed for significant reductions in error rates.
However, this dependability is contingent on high-quality acquisition tools and algorithms. Although this method is appealing in theory, it necessitates the deployment of a centralised server with a highly secure architecture.
However, due to the high costs of biometric authentication in the past, it has been ruled out for many projects. Biometric authentication is becoming more realistically viable for a variety of implementations thanks to new technology.
